Method, apparatus, and computer readable storage medium for managing network slices for the benefit of users

ABSTRACT

A method for managing network slices for the benefit of users monitors and obtains key performance indicators configured by a user, the indicator values being collected in real time and visually presented. When a user wants to optimize the network slices, weightings, value intervals, and variables are applied by the user to target key performance indicators. The network slices are optimized by a particle swarm algorithm configured by the user. A device and a computer readable and permanent storage medium for executing the network slices management method are also disclosed.

FIELD

The subject matter herein generally relates to network communications,and more particularly, to a method for managing network slices, anapparatus, and a computer readable storage medium thereof.

BACKGROUND

Existing network slicing is done according to predefined scenarios, andcannot be customized according to needs of users. The allocating ofnetwork slices wastes a large amount of resources.

Once the network slices are deployed or allocated, there is noperformance monitoring and dynamic adjusting. If a network problemoccurs, it is impossible to analyze the network problem the first timethat it happens, and there is also a lack of predictive maintenance ofthe network status.

To manage network slices, solutions are needed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Implementations of the present technology will now be described, by wayof embodiment, with reference to the attached figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a network slicesmanagement system.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of one embodiment of a network slices managementmethod.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a graphical userinterface in the system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a core networkarchitecture of the system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the network slicesmanagement method.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the graphicaluser interface.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating optimization and adjustment ofnetwork slices by a particle swarm algorithm in one embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of one embodiment of short-term prediction ofmonitored key performance indicators.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a network slices management apparatus, inone embodiment, in the system of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration,where appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among thedifferent figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. Inaddition, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide athorough understanding of the embodiments described herein. However, itwill be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that theembodiments described herein can be practiced without these specificdetails. In other instances, methods, procedures, and components havenot been described in detail so as not to obscure the related relevantfeature being described. Also, the description is not to be consideredas limiting the scope of the embodiments described herein. The drawingsare not necessarily to scale and the proportions of certain parts may beexaggerated to better illustrate details and features of the presentdisclosure.

References to “an” or “one” embodiment in this disclosure are notnecessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean “at leastone”.

In general, the word “module” as used hereinafter, refers to logicembodied in computing or firmware, or to a collection of softwareinstructions, written in a programming language, such as, Java, C, orassembly. One or more software instructions in the modules may beembedded in firmware, such as in an erasable programmable read onlymemory (EPROM). The modules described herein may be implemented aseither software and/or computing modules and may be stored in any typeof non-transitory computer-readable medium or other storage device. Somenon-limiting examples of non-transitory computer-readable media includeCDs, DVDs, BLU-RAY, flash memory, and hard disk drives. The term“comprising”, when utilized, means “including, but not necessarilylimited to”; it specifically indicates open-ended inclusion ormembership in a so-described combination, group, series, and the like.

FIG. 1 is a network slices management system 100. In one embodiment, theconnections between network elements in the network slices managementsystem 100 are logical connections, rather than direct physicalconnections. In one embodiment, the network slices management system 100comprises a network management plane 110 and a network user plane 120.The network management plane 110 is configured to receive scenarioselection of service applications from users, and to configure andmanage network resources. The service requirements are determinedaccording to service level agreement between users and a serviceprovider. The network user plane 120 is configured to provide aplurality of user terminal devices 121 and a plurality of serviceproviders 125 for the transfer of data therebetween.

In one embodiment, the network management plane 110 comprises a networkslices management platform 111, a network slices management function(NSMF) for access network 112, a NSMF for bearer network 113, a NSMF forcore network 114, and a network performance management system (PMS) 115.

The network slices management platform 111 is configured to receiveservice requirements, and send the access network slicing requirements,bearer network slicing requirements, and core network slicingrequirements to the NSMF for access network 112, the NSMF for bearernetwork 113, and the NSMF for core network 114.

The NSMF for access network 112, the NSMF for bearer network 113, andthe NSMF for core network 114 orchestrate end-to-end slicing servicesaccording to network slicing requirements, and deliver the orchestrationresults to slice management modules in an access network 122, a bearernetwork 123, and a core network 124, to create network slices.

The network PMS 115 is configured to collect performance data uploadedby each network element in the network slices management system 100, andanalyze the performance data, so as to be aware of the status of eachnetwork element, and provide users with a report of the entire networkoperating status and performance alerts when appropriate. Taking theexample shown in FIG. 1 as an example, network slices comprise networkslices 1, 2, and 3, which are logical networks that provide specificnetwork capabilities and network characteristics, and meet servicerequirements of users.

The network slices management platform 111 finally provides users withthe network slices 1, 2, and 3 so that users can use the network slices1, 2, and 3 for data transmission. The network slices 1, 2, and 3respectively comprise slices of the access network 122, slices of thebearer network 123, and slices of core network 124. In the example shownin FIG. 1, the scenarios 1, 2, and 3 of service applications executed bythe user terminal devices 121 can be connected to different services 1,2, and 3 provided by the service providers 125 through the networkslices 1, 2, and 3.

In the embodiment, the arrangement of the network elements in thenetwork slices management system 100 is only a logical functiondivision, there may be other arrangement methods in implementations. Inone embodiment, the network elements such the network slices managementplatform 111, the NSMF for access network 112, the NSMF for bearernetwork 113, the NSMF for core network 114, and the network PMS 115 canbe deployed on a same network apparatus. In another embodiment, thenetwork slices management platform 111, the NSMF for access network 112,the NSMF for bearer network 113, the NSMF for core network 114, and thenetwork PMS 115 can be deployed on different network apparatuses.

The network slices management method and apparatus provided by thepresent invention are described with reference of the accompanyingdrawings.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a network slices management method. It shouldbe noted that the underlying concept of the present embodiment(s) wouldnot change if one or more blocks (or steps) were added to or removedfrom the method. Taking a core network as an example, the creation anddeployment of network slices in the core network 124 is illustrated. Thenetwork slices management apparatus in the method may be the NSMF forcore network 114 as in FIG. 1, and the method may comprise, but is notlimited to, the following steps:

At step S201, the network slices management apparatus receives a networkslicing request, where the network slicing request comprises a scenarioand a service requirement.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus receives thenetwork slicing request from the network slices management platform 111.

In another embodiment, the network slices management apparatus maycomprise the network slices management platform 111 in FIG. 1, and thenetwork slices management apparatus provides a graphical user interfacefor a user to make network slicing requests. As an example, FIG. 3 showsa graphical user interface 300 set up for obtaining a network slicingrequest. The user can select different scenarios and correspondingservice requirement through the graphical user interface 300 to form thenetwork slicing request.

At step S202, the network slices management apparatus determines networkelements and services of the network elements according to the scenarioand the service requirement.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus performstailoring of network function according to the scenario and the servicerequirement, and can deploy necessary network elements according to thenetwork slicing request.

FIG. 4 is architecture of the core network 400 based on 3GPP standards.The network functions of the core network 400 are divided into a controlplane and a user plane, comprising: a network slice selection function(NSSF) network element 401, a network exposure function (NEF) networkelement 402, a network repository function (NRF) network element 403, apolicy control function (PCF) network element 404, a unified datamanagement (UDM) network element 405, an application function (AF)network element 406, an authentication server function (AUSF) networkelement 407, an access and mobility management function (AMF) networkelement 408, a session management function (SMF) network element 409,and a user plane function (UPF) network element 410.

The AMF network element 408 provides, to user terminal devices,registration, connection, access verification and authorization,mobility, and reachability management, and provides session managementmessage transmission between user terminal devices and the SMF networkelement. The SMF 409 network element manages session establishment,update, and release. The UPF 410 network element routes data flow ofuser terminal devices to the data network

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus utilizes theAMF network element 408, the SMF network element 409, and the UPFnetwork element 410 as basic network elements, other network elementscan be selected according to different scenarios.

Specifically, scenarios are differentiated based on a number of userterminal devices and network performance requirements. When there is asmall number of user terminal devices and no network performancerequirements, the network slices management apparatus determines andconfigures one AMF network element 408, one SMF network element 409, andone UPF network element 410 for the scenario.

When there is a large number of user terminal devices and no networkperformance requirements, one NRF network element 403 is added inaddition to one AMF network element 408, one SMF network element 409,and one UPF network element 410. The NRF network element 403 providesservice discovery for the scenario.

When there are network performance requirements, such as high-speed andlow-latency requirements, one NRF network element 403 and one NSSFnetwork element 401 are added in addition to one AMF network element408, one SMF network element 409, and one UPF network element 410.

In one embodiment, a predefined threshold can be used to determine aninstant number of the user terminal devices. For example, the predefinedthreshold number is set as 5000. When the number of user terminaldevices is less than 5000, the scenario will relate to the small numberof the user terminal devices. When the number of user terminal devicesis larger than or equal to 5000, the scenario will relate to the largernumber of the user terminal devices.

In one embodiment, the network slice management apparatus alsodetermines the services of the network elements according to the servicerequirements corresponding to the scenario.

Specifically, each network element comprises a plurality of services.The plurality of services comprises necessary services and optionalservices. The necessary services are preset and can be enabled, theoptional services are preset as disabled.

The network slices management apparatus determines whether to enable theoptional services according to the service requirements. For example,the network slices management apparatus can determine that a mobilitymanagement service of the AMF network element 408 should be enabled, toallow mobility if required.

The management apparatus can determine that a registration managementservice of the AMF network element 408 and a bill management service ofthe SMF network element 409 should be enabled according to user accountrequirements.

In one embodiment, the optional services of the AMF network element 408comprise the registration management service and a mobility managementservice, the optional services of the SMF network element 409 comprise apolicy control service, a service quality differentiated service, and acharging policy service, and the optional services of the UPF networkelement 410 comprise a data forwarding service, a data optimizationservice, and a requirement awareness service.

At step S203, the network slices management apparatus generates anetwork element topology according to the determined network elements.

The network slices management apparatus generates the network elementtopology according to the network elements as determined and visuallyrepresents the network elements topology on the graphical userinterface.

At step S204, the network slices management apparatus adjusts networkelements in the network element topology according to a set ofadjustment instructions to form a network slicing topology.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus providesusers with the graphical user interface to adjust network elements inthe network element topology, the adjusting comprising adding, deleting,or connecting network elements by dragging and dropping.

At step S205, the network slices management apparatus performs networkslicing deployment according to the network slicing topology and adeployment strategy.

In one embodiment, the deployment strategy comprises determininggeographic locations of deployment according to characteristics ofnetwork elements in the network slicing topology. The geographicallocations can be divided into central cloud, edge cloud, and proximityof user terminal device according to distances from the user terminaldevices. In one embodiment, the network elements in the user plane (suchas UPF network elements 410) are deployed close to the user terminaldevices. The UDM network elements 405, the PCF network elements 404 andother network elements involve large amounts of data stored deployed atthe edge of the cloud of high performance mass storage devices. Othernetwork elements in the control plane are deployed in the center of theserver cloud.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a network slices management method according toanother embodiment. Taking the core network as an example, dynamicoptimization of network slices in the core network is described. Thenetwork slices management apparatus in this method may be the NSMF forthe core network in FIG. 1, the method may comprise, but is not limitedto, the following steps:

At step S501, the network slices management apparatus monitors andobtains key performance indicators (KPIs) set by the user.

In one embodiment, obtained KPIs comprise: number of user terminaldevices, peak data rate, bandwidth, end-to-end delay, uplink throughput,and downlink throughput, etc. The network slices management apparatusvisually represents a KPI list in the graphical user interface for theuser to select the KPIs to be monitored.

At step S502, the network slices management apparatus obtains values ofthe obtained KPIs, and visually represents the KPIs and indicator valuesin the graphical user interface.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus collectsperformance data in the network slicing topology through the network PMS115 as in FIG. 1, and converts the relevant performance data into theindicator values of the KPIs according to certain algorithms. In anotherembodiment, the network slices management apparatus comprises thenetwork PMS 115 as in FIG. 1. The network slices management apparatusalso visually represents indicator values through the graphical userinterface.

At step S503, the network slices management apparatus determines whetherto optimize the network slicing topology.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus obtains auser input as to user satisfaction with the indicator values of theobtained KPIs through the graphical user interface. When the user inputindicates dissatisfaction with values of the obtained KPIs, the networkslices management apparatus determines to optimize the network slicingtopology, and step S504 is executed. Otherwise, when the user inputindicates user satisfaction with the indicator values of the obtainedKPIs, the network slices management apparatus determines that thenetwork slicing topology does not need to be optimized, and step S507 isexecuted.

At step S504, the network slices management apparatus obtains targetKPIs, corresponding weightings and value intervals set by the user.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus visuallyrepresents the obtained KPIs in the graphical user interface, obtainsthe target KPIs, and the weightings and the value intervals set by theuser through the graphical user interface. In one embodiment, each valueinterval comprises an upper bound and a lower bound set for each targetKPI.

In one embodiment, the indicator values of some obtained KPIs may beextremely large, such as uplink throughput and downlink throughput, andthe indicator values of some obtained KPIs may be represented by true(true=1) and false (false=0). Therefore, the network slices managementapparatus may first use a normalized computation method to scale thevalue interval of each obtained KPI to between 1 (one) and 0 (zero).Taking FIG. 6 for example, the target KPIs provided by a graphical userinterface 600 comprise KPI1, KPI2, and KPI3. The weight corresponding toKPI1 is set to 1 and the corresponding value interval is set at 0.9to 1. The weight corresponding to KPI2 is set to 5 and the correspondingvalue interval is set at 0.85 to 1.

At step S505, the network slices management apparatus obtains variablesset by the user, and determines a slicing granularity according to thevariables, where the variables comprise a number of each networkelement, computing resources of physical network devices, storageresources of the physical network devices, and network resources of thephysical network devices.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus visuallyrepresents a list of variables that can be set by the user through thegraphical user interface. In the embodiment, after initial deployment ofthe network slicing topology, only the number of AMF network elements408 and the number of UPF network elements 410 can be adjusted. Thenetwork slices management apparatus can provide the number of AMFnetwork elements 408, the number of UPF network elements 410, thecomputing resources, the storage resources, and the network resources asthe variable list through the graphical user interface. Each element inthe variable list comprises values that can be selected and set by theusers.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus may alsoprovide a list of sub-variables for each variable for the users toselect and set. For example, the sub-variables of the network resourcesof the physical network devices comprise frequency band, number of thephysical network resource devices, number of ports, bandwidth, and soon.

At step S506, the network slices management apparatus optimizes thenetwork slicing topology by a particle swarm algorithm according to thetarget KPI and corresponding weighting value interval, variables, andthe slicing granularity.

At step S507, the network slices management apparatus analyzes theindicator values of the obtained KPIs, and performs detection ofanomalies.

In one embodiment, the steps of using the particle swarm algorithm tooptimize the network slicing topology in step S506 are shown in FIG. 7,comprising but not limited to the following steps:

At step S701, the network slices management apparatus determines anobjective function according to the target KPIs, the weightings, and thevalue intervals.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus determinesthe objective function according to the target KPIs and itscorresponding weightings and value intervals, where the objectivefunction comprises maximization of the indicator values of the targetKPIs. For example, the objective function P can be determined using thefollowing formula (formula 1):

$\begin{matrix}{{P = {\sum\limits_{z = 1}^{n}{{KPIz}*{Kz}}}},} & ({formula1})\end{matrix}$(formula 1), where KPIz represents the indicator value obtained by thez-th target KPI according to the variables, and Kz is the weightcorresponding to the z-th target KPI.

At step S702, the network slices management apparatus determines a unitfor each of the variables according to the slicing granularity.

In one embodiment, the determination by the network slices managementapparatus as to the unit for each variable according to the slicinggranularity comprises dividing computing resources, storage resources,and network resources into computing resource slices, storage resourceslices, and network resource slices.

At step S703, the network slices management apparatus initializes acooperative particle swarm according to the variables, and determines aninitial velocity and an initial position of each particle in thecooperative particle swarm.

In one embodiment, each particle in the cooperative particle swarmrepresents a topology of network elements and resource allocation forthe network slices in the network slicing topology.

Specifically, each particle in the particle swarm represents a networkelement topology and its resource allocation. In one embodiment, thenumber of particles is determined as a predefined multiple of the totalnumber of network elements. The initial velocity of each particle is arandom velocity value, the initial position is predefined for eachscenario, and each variable has a positive velocity vector and anegative velocity vector.

At step S704, the network slices management apparatus calculates afitness value of each particle according to the objective function ineach iteration of the particle swarm algorithm. Each particle issubstituted into the objective function to calculate the fitness valueof the objective function of each particle, and an individual optimalsolution for fitness value and a global optimal solution for fitnessvalue are obtained, and the velocity of each particle is iterativelyupdated according to the individual optimal solution and the globaloptimal solution.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus performs amutation operation according to the velocity vectors, to update thevelocity.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus deletes someof the particles according to a deletion rule, and updates theindividual optimal solution and the global optimal solution. Forexample, the objective function comprises the calculation of a processrelated to indicator values of the target KPIs, the one or moreparticles having indicator values that fall outside the value intervalsof the target KPIs being deleted.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus deploys thenetwork slices corresponding to each particle of each iteration to thevirtual machine, sets the number of user terminal devices and thetraffic loading of the uplink and the downlink according to the scenarioand corresponding service requirements, and performs a simulation toobtain the indicator values of the target KPIs when calculating thefitness value of the objective function for the each particle.

In one embodiment, when the optimal global solution corresponds tomultiple particles, the optimal particle is selected as the variablewith a smaller value of change, so as to avoid a waste of slicingresources.

At step S705, the network slices management apparatus terminates therunning of the particle swarm algorithm when termination conditions aremet. In one embodiment, the termination conditions comprise the globaloptimal solution obtained in a (n+1)-th iteration being not better thanthe global optimal solution obtained in the n-th iteration, and thenumber of iterations reaching the preset iteration upper limit, where nis a positive integer. The nth iteration or the iteration that reachesthe preset iteration upper limit is taken as the last iteration, and thenetwork slices management apparatus performed optimization according tothe network elements topology and resource allocation of the particlecorresponding to the global optimal solution obtained in the lastiteration.

In one embodiment, the analysis and detection of anomalies of theindicator values of the obtained KPIs in step S507 of FIG. 5 alsocomprise short-term prediction of obtained KPIs. The short-termprediction of the monitored KPIs comprising steps shown in FIG. 8, and,but not limited to, the following steps:

At step S801, the network slices management apparatus obtains aplurality of predicted targets, where the plurality of predicted targetscomprises a mobility indicator, a maintainability indicator, a serviceintegrity indicator, an accessibility indicator, an availabilityindicator, and a coverage indicator.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus visuallyrepresents a list of obtained KPIs in the graphical user interface forthe user to select the predicted targets. The user can select a certainnumber of obtained KPIs as the predicted targets.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus determines amaximal number of obtained KPIs that the user can select, and determinesan upper threshold value and a lower threshold value for each predictedtarget.

At step S802, the network slices management apparatus performscalculations on the predicted targets to obtain statistical data to forma training data set.

Specifically, the network slices management apparatus sets a statisticalperiod, for example ten minutes, as the statistical period to obtainstatistical data from historical data values. For time-seriesalgorithms, the network slices management apparatus configures thestatistical data of the preset time period as the training data set, forexample, takes the statistical data of the last two weeks. For otheralgorithms, in order to avoid consuming too much computing resources forthe modeling training, and to avoid the effect of cold data, thestatistical data of a short period of time can be used as the trainingdata set, for example, the statistical data of the last 12 hours.

At step S803, the network slices management apparatus constructs aplurality of short-term prediction models using the training data set,wherein the plurality of short-term prediction models comprise aplurality of linear models and a plurality of non-linear models, and aprediction time point is set as one hour in the future.

In one embodiment, the plurality of linear models comprises anautoregressive model, an autoregressive moving average model, and asummation autoregressive moving average model.

In one embodiment, the plurality of non-linear models comprises radialbasis function neural networks, back propagation neural networks, andgradient boosting models.

At step S804, the network slices management apparatus obtains predictedvalues of the plurality of short-term prediction models for theplurality of predicted targets, and runs a fusion scoring algorithm toobtain fusion scores of the predicted values of the plurality ofpredicted targets.

In one embodiment, because the indicator values of the obtained KPIsvary over time and the scenarios are changeable, it is difficult for amodel constructed by a single algorithm to adapt to all scenarios, andthere is no guarantee that the predicted value errors at the next momentwill be small. The fusion scoring algorithm is thus required to processthe plurality of short-term prediction models. The fusion scoringalgorithm comprises: removing the maximum prediction value and theminimum prediction value among the plurality of prediction values of theplurality of predicted targets, and calculating the fusion scores ofprediction values of the plurality of prediction targets by summing andaveraging. Finally, the predicted values of the plurality of predictedtargets and the fusion scores of the plurality of predicted targets arestored in a database. In one embodiment, the plurality of short-termprediction models further comprises priority values, and the fusionscoring algorithm does not remove the highest-priority predicted valueof the short-term prediction model in the process of removing themaximum predicted value and the minimum predicted value.

At step S805, the network slices management apparatus determines whetherany predicted target is anomalous according to the fusion scores ofprediction value of the plurality of predicted targets, and issues analert when any predicted target is determined as being anomalous.

In one embodiment, the network slices management apparatus determineswhether the fusion score of the predicted value of any predicted targetis greater than the upper threshold value, or whether the fusion scoreof the predicted value of any predicted target is less than the lowerthreshold value. When the network slices management apparatus determinesthat the fusion score of the predicted value of any predicted target isgreater than the upper, or when the fusion score of the predicted valueof any predicted target is less than the lower, an alert is issued inreal-time, allowing users to optimize the network slicing topology asearly as possible.

In one embodiment, when the real time-point reaches the predicted timepoint, the network slices management apparatus obtains the realindicator values of the plurality of predicted targets, and compares thereal values with the predicted values of the plurality of short-termprediction models. The accuracy of the short-term prediction models isranked by error values of the predicted values of the short-termprediction model, and the priority values are set for the plurality ofshort-term prediction models according to the accuracy ranking. Forexample, the six short-term prediction models can be sequentially setwith priority values 9, 7, 4, 3, 2, and 1 according to their accuracyranking. As time continues, the priority values of the short-termprediction models with the most accurate prediction will be higher, andthe prediction results will incline thereto. In one embodiment, thenetwork slices management apparatus periodically removes the priorityvalues generated one day ago in the database to prevent cold priorityvalues from affecting the new prediction.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a network slices management apparatus 900.

The network slices management apparatus 900 comprises at least oneprocessor 902, a memory 904, and a communication unit 906. Those skilledin the art should understand that the composition of the network slicesmanagement apparatus 900 shown in FIG. 9 does not constitute alimitation of the embodiment of the present application. The networkslices management apparatus 900 may further comprise more or lesshardware or software, or different modules.

In one embodiment, the at least one processor 902 may be composed ofintegrated circuits, for example, may be composed of a single packagedintegrated circuit, or may be composed of multiple integrated circuitswith the same function or different functions, comprising one or acombination of multiple central processing units (Central ProcessingUnit, CPU), microprocessors, digital processing chips, graphicsprocessors, and various control chips. The at least one processor 902 isthe control core (control unit) of the network slices managementapparatus 900, which uses various interfaces and lines to connect tovarious components of the network slices management apparatus 900, andis stored in the memory 904 through operation or execution. The programor module, and a procedure stored in the memory 904 in order to performvarious functions of the network slices management apparatus 900 andprocessing of data, for example, a network slices management functions.The processor 902 is also used to interact with other components.

The memory 904 is used to store program codes and various data, andallow automatic access to programs or data during the operation of thenetwork slices management apparatus 900. The memory 904 comprises aread-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), a programmable read-onlymemory (Programmable Read-Only Memory, PROM), and an erasableprogrammable read-only memory (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory,EPROM), One-time Programmable Read-Only Memory (OTPROM),Electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), CD-ROM(Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage,magnetic disk storage, tape storage, or any other computer-readablestorage medium that can be used to carry or store data.

The memory 904 stores program codes, and the at least one processor 902can call up the program codes stored in the memory 904 to performrelated functions. For example, the program codes of the method flow ofFIG. 2, FIG. 5, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are executed by the at least oneprocessor 902, so as to realize the functions of the various modules toachieve the purpose of network slices management.

The communication unit 906 is used for communication between the networkslices management apparatus 900 and other devices in a wired or wirelessmanner.

In summary, the network slice management method, apparatus, andcomputer-readable storage medium can customize network slices accordingto users' actual scenarios and service needs, and optimize the networkslices in real time according to user feedback.

The embodiments shown and described above are only examples. Manydetails found in the relevant art are neither shown nor described. Eventhough numerous characteristics and advantages of the present technologyhave been set forth in the foregoing description, together with detailsof the structure and function of the present disclosure, the disclosureis illustrative only, and changes may be made in the detail, especiallyin matters of shape, size, and arrangement of the parts within theprinciples of the present disclosure, up to and including the fullextent established by the broad general meaning of the terms used in theclaims. It will therefore be appreciated that the embodiments describedabove may be modified within the scope of the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for managing network slices, the method comprising: obtaining, by an apparatus, monitored key performance indicators (KPIs) set by an user; obtaining, by the apparatus, indicator values of the obtained KPIs and visually representing the obtained KPIs and the indicator values in a graphical user interface; determining, by the apparatus, whether to optimize a network slicing topology based on user inputs; obtaining, by the apparatus, target KPIs, corresponding weightings, and value intervals set by the user when the apparatus determines to optimize the network slicing topology; determining, by the apparatus, a slicing granularity according to variables set by the user when the apparatus determines to optimize the network slicing topology; optimizing, by the apparatus, the network slicing topology by a particle swarm algorithm according to the target KPIs, the corresponding weightings and intervals, the variables, and the slicing granularity; and analyzing, by the apparatus, the indicator values of the obtained KPIs and performing detection of anomalies.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtained KPIs comprise a number of user terminal devices, a peak data rate, bandwidth, end-to-end delay, uplink throughput, and downlink throughput.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the variables comprise a number of network elements, computing resources of physical network devices, storage resources of the physical network devices, and network resources of the physical network devices.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the network resources of the physical network devices comprise: frequency band, number of the physical network devices, number of ports, bandwidth.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of optimizing the network slicing topology by a particle swarm algorithm further comprises: determining, by the apparatus, an objective function according to the target KPIs, the weightings, and the value intervals; determining, by the apparatus, a unit for each of the variables according to the slicing granularity; initializing, by the apparatus, a cooperative particle swarm according to the variables, and determining an initial velocity and an initial position of each particle in the cooperative particle swarm, wherein the each particle in the cooperative swarm represents a topology of the network elements and resource allocation for the network slices in the network slicing topology; calculating, by the apparatus, a fitness value of the each particle according to the objective function in each iteration of the particle swarm algorithm; obtaining, by the apparatus, an individual optimal solution for fitness value and a global optimal solution for fitness value for the each iteration; updating, by the apparatus, a velocity of the each particle according to the individual optimal solution and the global optimal solution for the each iteration; and optimizing, by the apparatus, the network slicing topology according to the global optimal solution obtained in a last iteration of the particle swarm algorithm.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of optimizing the network slicing topology by a particle swarm algorithm further comprises: terminating, by the apparatus, the particle swarm algorithm when the global optimal solution obtained in a (n+1)-th iteration being not better than the global optimal solution obtained in a n-th iteration, wherein n is a positive integer; and terminating, by the apparatus, the particle swarm algorithm when a number of iterations of the particle swarm algorithm reaches a preset iteration upper limit.
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the objective function comprises maximization of indicator values of the target KPIs.
 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the initial velocity of the each particle is a random velocity value.
 9. An apparatus for managing network slices, comprising: a processor; and a memory storing instructions when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising: obtaining monitored key performance indicators (KPIs) set by an user; obtaining indicator values of the obtained KPIs and visually representing the obtained KPIs and the indicator values in a graphical user interface; determining whether to optimize a network slicing topology based on user inputs; obtaining target KPIs, corresponding weightings, and value intervals set by the user when the apparatus determines to optimize the network slicing topology; determining a slicing granularity according to variables set by the user when the apparatus determines to optimize the network slicing topology; optimizing the network slicing topology by a particle swarm algorithm according to the target KPIs, the corresponding weightings and intervals, the variables, and the slicing granularity; and analyzing the indicator values of the obtained KPIs and performing detection of anomalies.
 10. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program when executed by a processors, causes the processor to perform each step in a method of managing network slices, the method comprising: obtaining monitored key performance indicators (KPIs) set by an user; obtaining indicator values of the obtained KPIs and visually representing the obtained KPIs and the indicator values in a graphical user interface; determining whether to optimize a network slicing topology based on user inputs; obtaining target KPIs, corresponding weightings, and value intervals set by the user when the apparatus determines to optimize the network slicing topology; determining a slicing granularity according to variables set by the user when the apparatus determines to optimize the network slicing topology; optimizing the network slicing topology by a particle swarm algorithm according to the target KPIs, the corresponding weightings and intervals, the variables, and the slicing granularity; and analyzing the indicator values of the obtained KPIs and performing detection of anomalies. 